Brochuremuseet er informativt i sin kommunikationsform og har samme formål som en brochure, nemlig at forberede kommende museumsgæsters besøg på det fysiske museum, så her vil man finde oplysninger om åbningstider, adresse og informationer om udstillinger, hvilket Danmarks Fotomuseum er et eksempel på: Den digitale generation på museum 20 http://www.fotomuseum.dk/ Genstandsmuseets kommunikationsform er konsultativ, hvilket vil sige, at museet har flere faktuelle informationer, som den besøgende kan søge i. Det kan være samlingen, der er gjort tilgængelig på nettet, som de besøgende vil kunne søge i og finde faktuelle informationer om materiale, størrelse og billeder af genstanden. Det lærende museum er mindre genstandsorienteret og mere kontekstbaseret og forsøger i højere grad at appellere til den enkelte brugers personlige forventninger og forudsætninger (Nørskov, V. & Larsen, A. H., 2009, p.20).
Formålet er her at motivere de besøgende til at lære noget og derfor lægger kommunikationen mere op til dialog end de to andre typer af museumshjemmesider. Det kan være museumsblogs eller en profil på Facebook, hvor brugerne kan give kommentarer tilbage til museet eller det kan være forskellige indgangsvinkler til samlingen målrettet til forskellige brugertyper og læringsstile. Det virtuelle museum bygger på det lærende museum, men tilbyder noget andet og mere, end man vil kunne finde i det fysiske museum – det kan være virtuelle oplevelser i den virtuelle 3D-verden Second Life, Web TV om kunstnere eller om museet, podcasts, wikier over museumssamlinger eller webspil som eksempelvis Skagens Museums webspil, hvor man kan udforske skagensmalernes verden: Den digitale generation på museum 21 http://game.zigzagskagen.dk/zigzaggame/portal/index.html Brochuremuseet og genstandsmuseet repræsenterer i høj grad Web 1.0 hjemmesider, hvor brugerne ikke kan meget andet end at søge og vælge i informationerne. I disse Web 2.0 tider er de fleste museer efterhånden blevet opmærksomme på, at der er behov for en mere levende og brugerinddragende formidlingsform. Museerne har i længere tid udviklet læringstiltag til deres fysiske museer, men hvordan disse kan omsættes til et digitalt formidlingssprog er for mange en stor udfordring, idet de fleste museer ikke har ansatte med specifik viden og erfaringer i at udvikle web-baserede aktiviteter. Dette forhold vil blive illustreret i mine cases (kapitel 7), hvor Werner Schweibenz typografi også vil blive konkretiseret nærmere. Men først en beskrivelse af museumsinstitutionen og dennes rammer og udfordringer i det informationsteknologiske samfund.
3. MUSEUMSINSTITUTIONENS ROLLE I DET INFORMATIONSTEKNOLOGISKE SAMFUND Dette kapitel vil introducere museet som institution gennem et teoretisk niveau og et mere praksisorienteret niveau, hvor museernes udfordringer vil blive afspejlet i den samfundsmæssige udvikling, der har manifesteret sig i ændrede og større krav fra museumsbrugerne og fra kulturpolitisk hold. 3.1 LOVGIVNING OG RAMMER FOR MUSEERNE I DANMARK Hvad er et museum? Ifølge Gyldendals Fremmedordbog (1983) kan begrebet ”museum” defineres som en ”samling af kunstværker el. ting af videnskabelig el. kulturhistorisk interesse.” Ordet har sin oprindel- Den digitale generation på museum 22 se fra det græske ord ”mu’seion”, som betyder tempel for muserne og som i den græske oldtid var de templer eller institutioner, hvor videnskaben blev dyrket. Begrebet museum kan således henvise til selve samlingen eller til de steder, hvor sådanne findes.
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